Ethical Publishing Principles

The journal supports transparent, responsible, and ethical scholarly communication. Manuscripts submitted to the journal must be original, properly referenced, and free from plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or any form of academic dishonesty.

• All submitted manuscripts must represent original scholarly work.
• Authors must properly acknowledge all sources used in the manuscript.
• Research data and findings must be presented honestly and accurately.
• Authors must avoid duplicate submission and redundant publication.
• Editors and reviewers must maintain fairness, confidentiality, and impartiality.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript is original, accurate, ethically prepared, and not under consideration elsewhere. Submission of a manuscript implies that all authors have approved the work and agree with its submission to the journal.

• Authors must submit only original and unpublished work.
• Authors must ensure that all data, results, and references are accurate.
• All persons who made significant contributions must be listed as authors.
• Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, or personal conflict of interest.
• Authors must obtain permission for copyrighted material used in the manuscript.
• Authors must promptly inform the editor if they discover a significant error in their published work.

Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for making fair and unbiased decisions on submitted manuscripts. Editorial decisions are based on the manuscript’s originality, relevance, academic quality, clarity, ethical compliance, and suitability for the journal’s aims and scope.

• Editors must evaluate manuscripts fairly without discrimination.
• Editors must maintain confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.
• Editors must avoid conflicts of interest during the review and decision process.
• Editors must ensure that suitable reviewers are selected for manuscript evaluation.
• Editors must take appropriate action in cases of suspected misconduct.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers play an important role in maintaining the academic quality of the journal. Reviewers are expected to provide constructive, objective, and timely feedback to help editors make informed publication decisions and to assist authors in improving their manuscripts.

• Reviewers must review manuscripts objectively and professionally.
• Reviewers must keep all manuscript information confidential.
• Reviewers must not use unpublished material for personal advantage.
• Reviewers should inform the editor if they identify plagiarism or ethical concerns.
• Reviewers must decline review requests where a conflict of interest exists.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism in any form is unacceptable. Manuscripts may be checked for originality before or during the review process. If plagiarism, improper citation, copied content, or unethical use of another person’s work is found, the manuscript may be rejected.

If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retract the article depending on the seriousness of the case.

Duplicate Submission and Redundant Publication

Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time. Manuscripts already published or under consideration elsewhere are not eligible for publication in this journal.

Redundant publication, duplicate publication, or submission of substantially similar work without proper disclosure may be treated as publication misconduct.

Data Fabrication and Falsification

Fabrication or falsification of research data, results, images, references, or any part of a manuscript is considered serious misconduct. Authors are expected to present research findings honestly and retain original data when required for verification.

Conflict of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any conflict of interest that may influence the manuscript submission, review, or publication process. Conflicts may include financial, personal, academic, institutional, or professional relationships.

Confidentiality

All submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents. Editors, reviewers, and editorial staff must not share manuscript details with unauthorized persons. Review comments and editorial communications must also be handled confidentially.

Human and Animal Rights

Manuscripts involving human participants, animals, clinical data, or sensitive information must follow applicable ethical standards. Authors must confirm that necessary permissions, approvals, or informed consent have been obtained where required.

Corrections, Retractions, and Withdrawal

The journal may publish corrections when errors are identified in published articles. In cases involving serious ethical concerns, unreliable findings, plagiarism, duplicate publication, or misconduct, the journal may retract the article.

Handling of Misconduct

If research or publication misconduct is suspected, the journal may investigate the matter by reviewing the manuscript, contacting the authors, consulting reviewers or editors, and examining available evidence.

Depending on the seriousness of the case, the journal may reject the manuscript, request clarification, issue a correction, retract a published article, or take other appropriate editorial action.

Complaints and Appeals

Authors may submit a complaint or appeal if they believe that a manuscript decision or publication ethics matter requires reconsideration. Appeals should include a clear explanation and supporting information. The editorial team will review the matter fairly and respond according to journal policy.

Publisher’s Responsibility

The publisher supports the editorial team in maintaining publication ethics, transparency, and academic quality. The publisher does not interfere with editorial decisions and supports appropriate action in cases of publication malpractice.

Important Note